Comparative linguistics for Old_English and English
Comparative linguistics
Methodology
Language evolution
Lexical comparison
Sound correspondence
Sample (English to German)
Compare languages
Evolutionary Trees
Language Tree
Language evolution timelines
Long range comparison
Glottochronology
Discussion
Resources
Calculate the genetic proximity between two languages
NEW!!! Next steps in the research
Check our paper
! -
CONTACT
Share in:
Language 1:
Abkhaz
Abnaki
Aceh
Acholi
Adyghe
Afar
Afrikaans
Ainu
Aja
Ajie
Albanian_(Gheg)
Albanian_(Tosk)
Aleut
Algonquin
Altai
Amharic
Amis
Andi
Angas
Apache
Arabic
Aramaic_(Syriac)
Arapaho
Arbanaski
Areare
Arin
Armenian
Armenian_(Classical)
Armenian_(Eastern)
Assamese
Assiniboine
Assyro-Babylonian
Asturian
Atayal
Avar
Avestan
Aymara
Azeri
Badaga
Badimaya
Bajau_(West_Coast)
Balinese
Balochi
Bambara
Bandi
Baoule
Basaa
Bashkir
Basque
Belarusian
Bemba
Bengali
Bhojpuri
Bikol
Biloxi
Blackfoot
Bodo
Bole
Brahui
Brazilian
Breton
Buginese
Bulgarian
Bulu
Bunun
Burmese
Burushaski
Buryat
Bushi_(Mayotte)
Buyang
Cahuilla
Car
Carolinian_Saipan
Carrier
Catalan
Catawba
Cebuano
Chamorro_(Guam)
Chechen
Chehalis_Upper
Cherokee
Cheyenne
Chichewa
Chinese_(Cantonese)
Chinese_(Gan)
Chinese_(Hakka)
Chinese_(Jin)
Chinese_(Mandarin)
Chinese_(Middle)
Chinese_(Minnan)
Chinese_(Old)
Chinese_(Wu_Shanghai)
Chinese_(Xiang)
Chipewyan
Chokwe
Chukchi
Chuvash
Comorian
Coptic
Cornish
Corsican
Creole_Guadeloupe
Creole_Guyana
Creole_Guyane_FR
Creole_Haiti
Creole_Jamaica
Creole_Mauritius
Creole_Reunionnais
Creole_Seychelles
Creole_St_Lucia
Creole_St_Vincent
Croatian
Crow
Czech
Dakota
Danish
Dargwa
Daur
Degexitan
Delaware_Munsee
Dhivehi_(Maldivian)
Dinka
Ditidaht
Dizi
Dogri
Dogrib
Douala
Drehu
Dusun
Dutch
Dzongkha
Edo
Elamite
English
Erzya
Estonian
Etruscan
Even
Evenki
Ewe
Eyak
Faroese
Fijian
Finnish
Flemish
Fon
French
Frisian
Friulian
Fula
Futuna_East
Galice_Taldash
Galician
Gamo
Gaulish
Geez
Gelao
Georgian
German
Gilbertese
Gondi
Gothic
Greek_(ancient)
Greek_(modern)
Greenlandic_(Eastern)
Greenlandic_(Western)
Guarani
Gujarati
Gurindji
Gusii
Hadiyya
Haida
Haisla
Hausa
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Heiltsuk
Herero
Hidatsa
Hindi
Hittite
Hmong
Huastec
Huave
Huichol
Hungarian
Hupa
Hurrian
Icelandic
Igbo
Ilocano
Ilonggo
Indonesian
Ingrian
Ingush
Irish
Istro-Romanian
Italian
Itelmen
Japanese
Javanese
Jiamao
Jula
Jurchen
Kabardino_Cherkess
Kabylian
Kalasha
Kalmyk
Kamba
Kangean
Kannada
Kansa
Kanuri
Kapampangan
Karachay-Balkar
Karakalpak
Karelian
Kashmiri
Kashubian
Kativiri
Kato
Kaurna
Kazakh
Kedang
Ket
Khakas
Khanti
Khmer
Khowar
Kiche
Kikuyu
Kimbundu
Kinaray-a
Kinyarwanda
Kiowa
Kirundi
Kivalliq
Kodava
Kolami
Komi
Kongo
Konkani
Korean
Koryak
Kosraean
Kott
Koyukon
Kpelle
Kumyk
Kurdish
Kurdish_Sorani
Kurukh
Kuvi
Kwakwala
Kwanyama
Kwaya
Kyrgyz
Labrador_Inuttut
Ladin
Lak
Lakota
Lamaholot
Lao
Latin
Latvian
Letzebuergesch
Lezgian
Ligurian
Lillooet
Lingala
Lithuanian
Livonian
Loma
Lombard
Longgu
Luba-Kasai
Luba-Katanga
Luganda
Lunda
Luo
Lushootseed
Luvale
Luwian
Lycian
Maasai
Macedonian
Madurese
Magahi
Maithili
Makah
Makassarese
Malagasy
Malay
Malayalam
Maltese
Malto
Manchu
Manda
Mandinka
Mansi
Manx
Maori
Marathi
Mari
Marquesan
Marshallese
Marwari
Mattole
Maya
Mazandarani
Mehri
Meitei
Mele
Mende
Mewati
Miami
Micmac
Middle_Persian
Mien
Minangkabau
Mixe
Mizo
Moghol
Mohawk
Moksha
Mon
Mongolian
Mongo-Nkundu
Montagnais
Montana_Salish
Mossi
Mycenaean
Nahuatl
Nanai
Nancowry
Naskapi
Nauruan
Navajo
Nayi
Ndebele
Neapolitan
Nenets
Nengone
Nepali
Ngaanyatjarra
Nganasan
Niuean
Nivkh
Nogai
Nooksack
Nootka
Norwegian(bokmal)
Norwegian(nynorsk)
Nuer
Nyakyusa
Nyaneka
Nyankole
Occitan
Odia
Ojibwe
Okanagan_Colville
Old_Church_Slavonic
Old_Egyptian
Old_English
Old_High_German
Old_Irish
Old_Norse
Old_Persian
Omaha_Ponca
Oodham
Oromo
Oroqen
Osage
Oscan
Ossetic_(Digor)
Ossetic_(Iron)
Paici
Paiwan
Palauan
Pashto
Pengo
Pennsylvania_Dutch
Persian
Phoenician
Phrygian
Piedmontese
Polish
Portuguese
Prakrit_Maharashtri
Proto_Indo_European
Provencal
Prussian
Punjabi
Qechi
Quapaw
Quechua
Quileute
Quinault
Rapa_Nui
Rarotongan
Ravula
Romani_Angloromani
Romani_Burgenland
Romani_Hungarian_Vend
Romani_Kalderash
Romanian
Romansch
Rukai
Russian
Rusyn
Saa
Safaitic
Saisiyat
Saka
Sami_(Kildin)
Sami_(Lule)
Sami_(North)
Sami_(South)
Samoan
Sango
Sanskrit
Sanskrit_(Vedic)
Santali
Sardinian
Sariqoli
Sarsi
Schwyzerduetsch
Scots_(Scottish_English)
Scottish_Gaelic
Sechelt
Seediq
Selkup
Sepedi
Serbian
Serer
Sesotho
Shan
Shehri
Shekhani
Sheko
Shimaore_(Mayotte)
Shona
Shor
Shoshone
Sicilian
Sidamo
Sika
Sindhi
Sinhalese
Slavey_North_Hare
Slovak
Slovene
Sogdian
Somali
Soninke
Soqotri
Sorbian_Lower
Sorbian_Upper
Spanish
Sranan
Sukuma
Sumerian
Sundanese
Swahili
Swati
Swedish
Tabasaran
Tagalog
Tahitian
Tajik
Tamasheq
Tamil
Tanacross
Tanaina
Tanana
Tashelhit
Tatar_(Crimea)
Tatar_(Siberia)
Tatar_(Volga)
Tausug
Telugu
Temne
Tetum_(Timor)
Thai
Thompson
Tibetan
Tigrigna
Tikopia
Tlingit
Tmazight_(Riffian_Berber)
Tocharian_A
Tocharian_B
Tok_Pisin
Tokelauan
Tonga_(Malawi)
Tongan
Tsakhur
Tsakonian
Tsonga
Tsou
Tswana
Tulu
Tumbuka
Turkish
Turkmen
Tutelo
Tuvaluan
Tuvan
Twana
Twi
Udmurt
Ukrainian
Ulch
Umbrian
Umbundu
Urartian
Urdu
Ute
Uvea_East
Uyghur
Uzbek
Venda
Venetian
Veps
Vietnamese
Vlach
Voro
Votic
Wakhi
Walloon
Wampanoag
Waziri
Welsh
Winnebago
Wiyot
Wolaytta
Wolof
WongGie
Xhosa
Yakut
Yaqui
Yeruva
Yiddish
Yoruba
Yugh
Yukaghir
Yupik
Yurok
Zande
Zazaki
Zoque
Zulu
Language 2:
Abkhaz
Abnaki
Aceh
Acholi
Adyghe
Afar
Afrikaans
Ainu
Aja
Ajie
Albanian_(Gheg)
Albanian_(Tosk)
Aleut
Algonquin
Altai
Amharic
Amis
Andi
Angas
Apache
Arabic
Aramaic_(Syriac)
Arapaho
Arbanaski
Areare
Arin
Armenian
Armenian_(Classical)
Armenian_(Eastern)
Assamese
Assiniboine
Assyro-Babylonian
Asturian
Atayal
Avar
Avestan
Aymara
Azeri
Badaga
Badimaya
Bajau_(West_Coast)
Balinese
Balochi
Bambara
Bandi
Baoule
Basaa
Bashkir
Basque
Belarusian
Bemba
Bengali
Bhojpuri
Bikol
Biloxi
Blackfoot
Bodo
Bole
Brahui
Brazilian
Breton
Buginese
Bulgarian
Bulu
Bunun
Burmese
Burushaski
Buryat
Bushi_(Mayotte)
Buyang
Cahuilla
Car
Carolinian_Saipan
Carrier
Catalan
Catawba
Cebuano
Chamorro_(Guam)
Chechen
Chehalis_Upper
Cherokee
Cheyenne
Chichewa
Chinese_(Cantonese)
Chinese_(Gan)
Chinese_(Hakka)
Chinese_(Jin)
Chinese_(Mandarin)
Chinese_(Middle)
Chinese_(Minnan)
Chinese_(Old)
Chinese_(Wu_Shanghai)
Chinese_(Xiang)
Chipewyan
Chokwe
Chukchi
Chuvash
Comorian
Coptic
Cornish
Corsican
Creole_Guadeloupe
Creole_Guyana
Creole_Guyane_FR
Creole_Haiti
Creole_Jamaica
Creole_Mauritius
Creole_Reunionnais
Creole_Seychelles
Creole_St_Lucia
Creole_St_Vincent
Croatian
Crow
Czech
Dakota
Danish
Dargwa
Daur
Degexitan
Delaware_Munsee
Dhivehi_(Maldivian)
Dinka
Ditidaht
Dizi
Dogri
Dogrib
Douala
Drehu
Dusun
Dutch
Dzongkha
Edo
Elamite
English
Erzya
Estonian
Etruscan
Even
Evenki
Ewe
Eyak
Faroese
Fijian
Finnish
Flemish
Fon
French
Frisian
Friulian
Fula
Futuna_East
Galice_Taldash
Galician
Gamo
Gaulish
Geez
Gelao
Georgian
German
Gilbertese
Gondi
Gothic
Greek_(ancient)
Greek_(modern)
Greenlandic_(Eastern)
Greenlandic_(Western)
Guarani
Gujarati
Gurindji
Gusii
Hadiyya
Haida
Haisla
Hausa
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Heiltsuk
Herero
Hidatsa
Hindi
Hittite
Hmong
Huastec
Huave
Huichol
Hungarian
Hupa
Hurrian
Icelandic
Igbo
Ilocano
Ilonggo
Indonesian
Ingrian
Ingush
Irish
Istro-Romanian
Italian
Itelmen
Japanese
Javanese
Jiamao
Jula
Jurchen
Kabardino_Cherkess
Kabylian
Kalasha
Kalmyk
Kamba
Kangean
Kannada
Kansa
Kanuri
Kapampangan
Karachay-Balkar
Karakalpak
Karelian
Kashmiri
Kashubian
Kativiri
Kato
Kaurna
Kazakh
Kedang
Ket
Khakas
Khanti
Khmer
Khowar
Kiche
Kikuyu
Kimbundu
Kinaray-a
Kinyarwanda
Kiowa
Kirundi
Kivalliq
Kodava
Kolami
Komi
Kongo
Konkani
Korean
Koryak
Kosraean
Kott
Koyukon
Kpelle
Kumyk
Kurdish
Kurdish_Sorani
Kurukh
Kuvi
Kwakwala
Kwanyama
Kwaya
Kyrgyz
Labrador_Inuttut
Ladin
Lak
Lakota
Lamaholot
Lao
Latin
Latvian
Letzebuergesch
Lezgian
Ligurian
Lillooet
Lingala
Lithuanian
Livonian
Loma
Lombard
Longgu
Luba-Kasai
Luba-Katanga
Luganda
Lunda
Luo
Lushootseed
Luvale
Luwian
Lycian
Maasai
Macedonian
Madurese
Magahi
Maithili
Makah
Makassarese
Malagasy
Malay
Malayalam
Maltese
Malto
Manchu
Manda
Mandinka
Mansi
Manx
Maori
Marathi
Mari
Marquesan
Marshallese
Marwari
Mattole
Maya
Mazandarani
Mehri
Meitei
Mele
Mende
Mewati
Miami
Micmac
Middle_Persian
Mien
Minangkabau
Mixe
Mizo
Moghol
Mohawk
Moksha
Mon
Mongolian
Mongo-Nkundu
Montagnais
Montana_Salish
Mossi
Mycenaean
Nahuatl
Nanai
Nancowry
Naskapi
Nauruan
Navajo
Nayi
Ndebele
Neapolitan
Nenets
Nengone
Nepali
Ngaanyatjarra
Nganasan
Niuean
Nivkh
Nogai
Nooksack
Nootka
Norwegian(bokmal)
Norwegian(nynorsk)
Nuer
Nyakyusa
Nyaneka
Nyankole
Occitan
Odia
Ojibwe
Okanagan_Colville
Old_Church_Slavonic
Old_Egyptian
Old_English
Old_High_German
Old_Irish
Old_Norse
Old_Persian
Omaha_Ponca
Oodham
Oromo
Oroqen
Osage
Oscan
Ossetic_(Digor)
Ossetic_(Iron)
Paici
Paiwan
Palauan
Pashto
Pengo
Pennsylvania_Dutch
Persian
Phoenician
Phrygian
Piedmontese
Polish
Portuguese
Prakrit_Maharashtri
Proto_Indo_European
Provencal
Prussian
Punjabi
Qechi
Quapaw
Quechua
Quileute
Quinault
Rapa_Nui
Rarotongan
Ravula
Romani_Angloromani
Romani_Burgenland
Romani_Hungarian_Vend
Romani_Kalderash
Romanian
Romansch
Rukai
Russian
Rusyn
Saa
Safaitic
Saisiyat
Saka
Sami_(Kildin)
Sami_(Lule)
Sami_(North)
Sami_(South)
Samoan
Sango
Sanskrit
Sanskrit_(Vedic)
Santali
Sardinian
Sariqoli
Sarsi
Schwyzerduetsch
Scots_(Scottish_English)
Scottish_Gaelic
Sechelt
Seediq
Selkup
Sepedi
Serbian
Serer
Sesotho
Shan
Shehri
Shekhani
Sheko
Shimaore_(Mayotte)
Shona
Shor
Shoshone
Sicilian
Sidamo
Sika
Sindhi
Sinhalese
Slavey_North_Hare
Slovak
Slovene
Sogdian
Somali
Soninke
Soqotri
Sorbian_Lower
Sorbian_Upper
Spanish
Sranan
Sukuma
Sumerian
Sundanese
Swahili
Swati
Swedish
Tabasaran
Tagalog
Tahitian
Tajik
Tamasheq
Tamil
Tanacross
Tanaina
Tanana
Tashelhit
Tatar_(Crimea)
Tatar_(Siberia)
Tatar_(Volga)
Tausug
Telugu
Temne
Tetum_(Timor)
Thai
Thompson
Tibetan
Tigrigna
Tikopia
Tlingit
Tmazight_(Riffian_Berber)
Tocharian_A
Tocharian_B
Tok_Pisin
Tokelauan
Tonga_(Malawi)
Tongan
Tsakhur
Tsakonian
Tsonga
Tsou
Tswana
Tulu
Tumbuka
Turkish
Turkmen
Tutelo
Tuvaluan
Tuvan
Twana
Twi
Udmurt
Ukrainian
Ulch
Umbrian
Umbundu
Urartian
Urdu
Ute
Uvea_East
Uyghur
Uzbek
Venda
Venetian
Veps
Vietnamese
Vlach
Voro
Votic
Wakhi
Walloon
Wampanoag
Waziri
Welsh
Winnebago
Wiyot
Wolaytta
Wolof
WongGie
Xhosa
Yakut
Yaqui
Yeruva
Yiddish
Yoruba
Yugh
Yukaghir
Yupik
Yurok
Zande
Zazaki
Zoque
Zulu
The genetic proximity between
English
and
Old_English
is:
24,1
100
75
50
25
0
These languages are
closely related!
*
Statistical context of this comparison:
The statistical expected value is
86,8
with a standard deviation of
5,2
. The probability to get a genetic proximity of
24,1
or less by chance is
0,0%
.
The
more red zone is covered
by the orange vertical result line on the graph, the higher is the probability that the result
is due to chance
. The
farther right
the line is in the green area, the
closer
the langages are
related
.
The genetic proximity is expressed as a value between
0
(same language) and
100
(biggest possible distance). In practice, the values reflect
approximately
following degree of genetic proximity:
Between
1
and
30
:
Highly related languages
. Protolanguage (common “ancestor”) between several centuries and
approx.
2000 years.
Between
30
and
50
:
Related languages
. Protolanguage
approx.
between 2000 and 4000 years.
Between
50
and
70
:
Remotely related languages
. Protolanguage
approx.
between 4000 and 6000 years. Chance interference increases with values above 60-62.
Between
70
and
78
:
Very remotely related languages
. Protolanguage
approx.
older than 6000 years - but
high potential of
interference with chance ressemblance
.
Between
78
and
100
:
No recognizable relationship:
the few ressemlances measured are more likely to be
due to chance
than to common origin!
The average genetic proximity of all languages of this study is
71,8
. The
average
statistical
expected value
is
83,36
with an
average
standard deviation
of
5,03
. The expected values and expected standard deviations stated in the pairwise comparisons are specific to these comparisons and reflect their own exposure to chance. More about statistics in elinguistics.net
here